近日，由上海国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(上海国际仲裁中心，SHIAC)主办的“Legal Safeguards Along the Danube: A New Chapter of Investment Dispute Resolution in Central and Eastern European Countries”国际会议在布达佩斯举行。
本次会议并非单纯的机构推介活动，而是中欧经济合作背景下争议解决制度体系建设进程中的一个重要节点。随着投资规模的持续扩大，法律基础设施的完善成为不可回避的现实需求，尤其是在涉及多重法域、国家参与及大额资本投入的项目中，制度化、可预期的争议解决机制愈发重要。
Recently, the international conference entitled “Legal Safeguards Along the Danube: A New Chapter of Investment Dispute Resolution in Central and Eastern European Countries” was held in Budapest, organized by the Shanghai International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (Shanghai International Arbitration Center – SHIAC).
The event was not merely an institutional presentation, but rather another step in the structured development of the dispute resolution framework underpinning Sino–Central European economic relations. The increasing volume of investments inevitably brings with it the need to strengthen legal infrastructure—particularly in projects involving multiple jurisdictions, state participation, and significant capital exposure.
匈牙利：战略性投资枢纽
I. Hungary as a Strategic Investment Hub
近年来，匈牙利已成为中国对欧洲直接投资的重要目的地之一。汽车制造、电池产业、能源及基础设施等领域的大型项目不断落地，合同结构与监管环境的复杂性亦随之提升。
在此类高价值、往往涉及公共主体参与的项目中，争议解决机制不再是合同的附属条款，而是投资结构设计中的核心组成部分。投资各方普遍关注的是：一旦发生争议，是否能够依托专业、独立、国际认可的机构进行裁决，并确保裁决结果具备实际执行力。
在这一背景下，仲裁已逐渐成为保障投资安全的重要制度工具。
In recent years, Hungary has become one of the primary European destinations for Chinese foreign direct investment. Major projects in the automotive, battery manufacturing, energy, and infrastructure sectors have significantly increased in scale, accompanied by growing complexity in contractual structures and regulatory environments.
In large-scale projects—often involving public entities—the dispute resolution mechanism is not a secondary contractual addendum, but an integral component of the overall investment structure. For the parties involved, a key consideration is the availability of a forum that is professionally credible, internationally recognized, and capable of delivering enforceable decisions.
In this context, arbitration has evolved into one of the primary instruments of investment security.
SHIAC的国际化布局
II. SHIAC as an International Institutional Actor
会议重点介绍了SHIAC近年来的国际化发展战略。该机构通过持续布局和制度创新，逐步拓展其国际影响力，包括：
•设立香港与新加坡分中心，
•运行金砖国家争议解决中心(BRICS Dispute Resolution Center)，
•建立“空中丝绸之路”投资与贸易争议解决中心，
•制定专业化仲裁规则，如《航空仲裁规则》《数据仲裁规则》等。
根据2025年度报告显示，SHIAC受理的涉外案件数量持续增长，争议涉及的国家和地区已呈现全球化趋势。争议金额规模及国际当事人比例的提升，反映出该机构已逐步超越区域性定位，成为具有全球影响力的仲裁机构之一。
值得关注的是，SHIAC电子平台(E-Platform)的投入使用，实现了在线立案、电子文书管理及程序管理的数字化运作。这不仅提升了效率，更体现了现代仲裁制度运行模式的转型方向。
与此同时，机构国际化布局亦引发对仲裁地选择的战略性思考。对于当事人而言，机构声誉固然重要，但仲裁地法律环境及裁决执行的可行性，往往更具决定意义。
The conference placed particular emphasis on SHIAC’s institutional development and international expansion. In recent years, the institution has pursued a deliberate globalization strategy, including:
•the establishment of its Hong Kong and Singapore centers,
•the operation of the BRICS Dispute Resolution Center,
the creation of the “Air Silk Road” Investment and Trade Dispute Resolution Center, and the development of specialized arbitration rules (including the Aviation Arbitration Rules and the Data Arbitration Rules).
According to its 2025 Annual Report, the number of foreign-related cases has shown dynamic growth, with disputes involving parties from an increasingly global range of jurisdictions. The magnitude of disputed amounts and the proportion of international parties indicate that SHIAC has developed beyond a purely regional institution into a globally relevant arbitral body.
Particular attention should be given to the implementation of the SHIAC E-Platform. Electronic case filing, digital document management, and structured procedural administration reflect not only administrative efficiency, but a broader transformation in the operational model of modern arbitration.
At the same time, institutional expansion inevitably raises strategic considerations regarding forum selection. For parties drafting dispute resolution clauses, the institution’s reputation alone is insufficient; the legal environment of the chosen seat and the practical enforceability of awards remain decisive factors.
中匈仲裁制度的趋同与差异
III. Hungarian and Chinese Arbitration: Convergences and Distinctions
会议讨论指出，中国与匈牙利的仲裁制度虽源于不同法系背景，但在若干核心原则上呈现趋同趋势：
•均以《联合国国际贸易法委员会示范法》(UNCITRAL Model Law)为制度基础;
•均强调机构仲裁的专业性与稳定性;
•均高度重视《纽约公约》框架下裁决的国际可执行性。
然而，在程序形式主义程度、证据规则适用方式以及机构对程序的监督程度等方面，仍存在实践层面的差异。
因此，仲裁条款的设计并非形式问题，而是高度专业化的合同结构决策。仲裁地、适用法律、程序规则及仲裁语言之间的协调安排，可能直接影响争议解决结果及裁决执行效果。
The conference discussions highlighted that while Hungarian and Chinese arbitration systems originate from distinct legal traditions, they converge in several fundamental aspects:
•both systems are based on the principles of the UNCITRAL Model Law,
•institutional arbitration plays a central role,
•and enforceability under the New York Convention is of primary importance.
However, practical differences—such as the degree of procedural formalism, evidentiary approaches, and institutional oversight—require careful consideration at the stage of clause drafting.
The formulation of an arbitration clause is therefore not a merely formal exercise. The alignment of the seat, governing law, procedural rules, and language constitutes a complex contractual decision that may significantly influence both the outcome of a dispute and the feasibility of enforcement.
中东欧地区的投资风险管理
IV. Investment Risk Management in the Region
在圆桌讨论环节，与会嘉宾围绕中东欧地区投资风险管理进行了深入交流。实践中较为突出的法律风险领域包括：
•监管及许可制度(包括欧盟层面与成员国层面的合规要求)，
•债权实现及争议处理机制，
•国家补贴与竞争法问题，
•商业秘密与技术知识产权保护。
在上述背景下，科学合理的仲裁条款设计成为风险分配的重要法律工具。通过在投资初期即对争议解决机制进行结构化安排，有助于维护交易平衡，提高投资决策的可预测性。
A central topic of the panel discussions was investment risk management in Central and Eastern Europe. Experience suggests that the most significant legal risk areas include:
•regulatory and licensing environments (both EU-level and national compliance),
•claims enforcement and dispute management,
•state aid and competition law considerations,
•protection of trade secrets and technological know-how.
In such an environment, a carefully drafted arbitration clause becomes one of the most important legal tools for risk allocation. The structured design of dispute resolution mechanisms contributes to maintaining negotiating balance between the parties and enhances predictability in investment decision-making.
布达佩斯：东西方法律交流的节点
V. Budapest as a Legal Interface
会议传递的一个重要信息在于，布达佩斯不仅在地理意义上连接东西方，也在法律层面成为中欧投资合作的重要接口。
中国资本在区域内的集中布局，以及匈牙利较为成熟的仲裁与法律服务体系，为跨境投资的规范化运作提供了制度基础。
这一发展趋势对法律服务机构提出更高要求：既需深入理解中国商业实践与法律文化，也需熟练掌握欧盟法律框架及监管体系。
An implicit message of the conference was that Budapest serves not only as a geographical bridge between East and West.
The regional concentration of Chinese investments, combined with Hungary’s developed arbitration and legal infrastructure, creates a business environment capable of supporting structured and predictable cross-border investment.
For legal service providers, this development demands dual competence: a thorough understanding of Chinese business and legal culture, alongside advanced expertise in European Union law and regulatory frameworks.
结 语
VI. Conclusions
布达佩斯会议所体现的，是中欧经济合作结构性深化的趋势。投资规模的扩大与项目复杂性的提升，使得争议解决机制的制度质量成为关键变量。
可以预见，在区域投资持续增长的背景下，仲裁将在中东欧地区发挥更为重要的作用。以SHIAC为代表的国际仲裁机构的全球化布局，也显示出国际争议解决体系正在向更加多元化与制度化方向发展。
“多瑙河畔的法治保障”不仅是一场专业会议，更象征着中东欧地区——尤其是匈牙利——在全球商事与投资争议解决体系中的角色日益凸显。
The Budapest conference made it clear that the development of Sino–Central European economic relations is not solely a matter of investment volume, but also of the quality and reliability of legal infrastructure.
Given the increasing complexity of investments in the region, it is reasonable to anticipate a further strengthening of arbitration as a strategic mechanism for ensuring investment security. International institutional cooperation—particularly SHIAC’s global presence—signals the emergence of a more multi-polar and institutionally structured system of international dispute resolution.
In this broader context, the “Legal Safeguards Along the Danube” conference represented more than a professional gathering. It marked a stage in the structural transformation through which Central Europe—and Hungary in particular—is becoming increasingly integrated into the global system of international commercial and investment dispute resolution.